Researchers at the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) have developed a mushroom-based material that combines biodegradability, strength, and versatility—a combination materials scientists find hard to achieve.
Researchers processed the fibers of mycelium from the common split gill mushroom (Schizophyllum commune) into a liquid mixture without killing it or disrupting its natural biological functions.
The team named the gel-like material living fibrous dispersions (LFD). It can be shaped into various forms. It also makes full use of substances produced by the fungi.
“This extracellular matrix is used to gain structural and other functional properties,” said materials scientist Ashutosh Sinha. In their work, the team exploited this property of the fungus, ScienceAlert reported.
By developing a particular strain, the researchers stimulated production of two molecules: the polysaccharide schizophyllan and a hydrophobin. Those molecules play a crucial role in giving LFD its desirable properties.
What else is known about the new material?
Scientists reported they managed to create a thin film from LFD with very high tensile strength. It could be used to make bags that decompose naturally or to build biodegradable batteries.
LFD is also a good emulsifier — a substance that helps other materials mix and bind. That emulsifier could be used in food and cosmetics, from ice cream to shampoo.
As the mycelium in the material remains alive, it continues releasing key molecules. “This is probably the only type of emulsion that becomes more stable over time,” said Sinha.
Since LFD is derived from an edible mushroom, the material is completely non-toxic and can even be eaten.
This material is highly relevant as the world struggles with plastic pollution.
Researchers hope to find more practical applications over time for their nature-inspired invention. It shows again how the natural world can be a powerful laboratory.
The results of the study were published in the journal Advanced Materials.
